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The European GNSS Agency (GSA) is seeking your input for its 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey.

The GSA, along with the European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP), is conducting the 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey. It only takes 10 minutes to complete.

The deadline to complete the survey is December 1st.

Access the survey here.

In establishing close relationships with both current and potential users of EGNOS, we are dedicated to meeting the customers’ highest requirements and expectations.

The results of the survey will allow the GSA and ESSP to better understand EGNOS’ value to users, improve the EGNOS technology and provide better customer service.

The survey covers all market segments and services, including the Open Service and Safety of Life signal. It also assesses the ESSP’s management of EGNOS User Support Services. All EGNOS users are strongly encouraged to participate, regardless of which market segment they operate in.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency (GSA) is seeking your input for its 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey.

The GSA, along with the European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP), is conducting the 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey. It only takes 10 minutes to complete.

The deadline to complete the survey is December 1st.

Access the survey here.

In establishing close relationships with both current and potential users of EGNOS, we are dedicated to meeting the customers’ highest requirements and expectations.

The results of the survey will allow the GSA and ESSP to better understand EGNOS’ value to users, improve the EGNOS technology and provide better customer service.

The survey covers all market segments and services, including the Open Service and Safety of Life signal. It also assesses the ESSP’s management of EGNOS User Support Services. All EGNOS users are strongly encouraged to participate, regardless of which market segment they operate in.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency (GSA) is seeking your input for its 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey.

The GSA, along with the European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP), is conducting the 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey. It only takes 10 minutes to complete.

The deadline to complete the survey is December 1st.

Access the survey here.

In establishing close relationships with both current and potential users of EGNOS, we are dedicated to meeting the customers’ highest requirements and expectations.

The results of the survey will allow the GSA and ESSP to better understand EGNOS’ value to users, improve the EGNOS technology and provide better customer service.

The survey covers all market segments and services, including the Open Service and Safety of Life signal. It also assesses the ESSP’s management of EGNOS User Support Services. All EGNOS users are strongly encouraged to participate, regardless of which market segment they operate in.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency (GSA) is seeking your input for its 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey.

The GSA, along with the European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP), is conducting the 2016 EGNOS User Satisfaction Survey. It only takes 10 minutes to complete.

The deadline to complete the survey is December 1st.

Access the survey here.

In establishing close relationships with both current and potential users of EGNOS, we are dedicated to meeting the customers’ highest requirements and expectations.

The results of the survey will allow the GSA and ESSP to better understand EGNOS’ value to users, improve the EGNOS technology and provide better customer service.

The survey covers all market segments and services, including the Open Service and Safety of Life signal. It also assesses the ESSP’s management of EGNOS User Support Services. All EGNOS users are strongly encouraged to participate, regardless of which market segment they operate in.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency, on behalf of the European Commission, has released the new EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service Definition Document (SDD), now available for EGNOS users.

Announced at the EGNOS Service provision workshop event in Warsaw, the SoL SDD issue 3.1 has been updated to reflect the changes in EGNOS system and more importantly to reflect the performance improvements of the current EGNOS release (ESR2.4.1M) in operation. A significant improvement is the extension of APV-I and LPV-200 services towards the south-west of Europe, fully covering mainland Spain and Portugal.

“Users are our priority. This EGNOS coverage extension is in line with our will to continue improving the EGNOS services” declared GSA Executive Director, Carlo des Dorides.

The EGNOS Service Definition Document (SDD) describes the characteristics and conditions of access to the corresponding EGNOS service offered to users. Each SDD also contains updated information about the EGNOS system architecture and a Signal-In-Space (SIS) characteristic, the service performance achieved, EGNOS interfaces with users and provides information on the established technical and organizational framework, at European level, for the provision of this service.

• Safety of Life Service SDD (v3.1)

The first version of each SDD was published by the European Commission when each of the EGNOS Services were declared operational (1st October 2009, 2nd March 2011 and 30th July 2012 respectively for Open Service, Safety-of-Life and EDAS). New SDD versions are periodically published to reflect the significant changes in the EGNOS service.
The current version of the other SDDs, OS and EDAS, are available here:

• OPEN Service (2.2)
• EGNOS Data Access Service (2.2)

EGNOS (the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) is the European Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that complements the GPS system to improve the accuracy and provide integrity to the signal over most of Europe.
It is Europe's first venture into satellite navigation and a major stepping-stone towards Galileo, Europe's own global satellite navigation system for the future.
Since January 2014, EGNOS is managed by the European GNSS Agency under a delegation agreement with the European Commission. ESSP SAS is the EGNOS Service Provider, under contract with the GSA.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency, on behalf of the European Commission, has released the new EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service Definition Document (SDD), now available for EGNOS users.

Announced at the EGNOS Service provision workshop event in Warsaw, the SoL SDD issue 3.1 has been updated to reflect the changes in EGNOS system and more importantly to reflect the performance improvements of the current EGNOS release (ESR2.4.1M) in operation. A significant improvement is the extension of APV-I and LPV-200 services towards the south-west of Europe, fully covering mainland Spain and Portugal.

“Users are our priority. This EGNOS coverage extension is in line with our will to continue improving the EGNOS services” declared GSA Executive Director, Carlo des Dorides.

The EGNOS Service Definition Document (SDD) describes the characteristics and conditions of access to the corresponding EGNOS service offered to users. Each SDD also contains updated information about the EGNOS system architecture and a Signal-In-Space (SIS) characteristic, the service performance achieved, EGNOS interfaces with users and provides information on the established technical and organizational framework, at European level, for the provision of this service.

• Safety of Life Service SDD (v3.1)

The first version of each SDD was published by the European Commission when each of the EGNOS Services were declared operational (1st October 2009, 2nd March 2011 and 30th July 2012 respectively for Open Service, Safety-of-Life and EDAS). New SDD versions are periodically published to reflect the significant changes in the EGNOS service.
The current version of the other SDDs, OS and EDAS, are available here:

• OPEN Service (2.2)
• EGNOS Data Access Service (2.2)

EGNOS (the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) is the European Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that complements the GPS system to improve the accuracy and provide integrity to the signal over most of Europe.
It is Europe's first venture into satellite navigation and a major stepping-stone towards Galileo, Europe's own global satellite navigation system for the future.
Since January 2014, EGNOS is managed by the European GNSS Agency under a delegation agreement with the European Commission. ESSP SAS is the EGNOS Service Provider, under contract with the GSA.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency, on behalf of the European Commission, has released the new EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service Definition Document (SDD), now available for EGNOS users.

Announced at the EGNOS Service provision workshop event in Warsaw, the SoL SDD issue 3.1 has been updated to reflect the changes in EGNOS system and more importantly to reflect the performance improvements of the current EGNOS release (ESR2.4.1M) in operation. A significant improvement is the extension of APV-I and LPV-200 services towards the south-west of Europe, fully covering mainland Spain and Portugal.

“Users are our priority. This EGNOS coverage extension is in line with our will to continue improving the EGNOS services” declared GSA Executive Director, Carlo des Dorides.

The EGNOS Service Definition Document (SDD) describes the characteristics and conditions of access to the corresponding EGNOS service offered to users. Each SDD also contains updated information about the EGNOS system architecture and a Signal-In-Space (SIS) characteristic, the service performance achieved, EGNOS interfaces with users and provides information on the established technical and organizational framework, at European level, for the provision of this service.

• Safety of Life Service SDD (v3.1)

The first version of each SDD was published by the European Commission when each of the EGNOS Services were declared operational (1st October 2009, 2nd March 2011 and 30th July 2012 respectively for Open Service, Safety-of-Life and EDAS). New SDD versions are periodically published to reflect the significant changes in the EGNOS service.
The current version of the other SDDs, OS and EDAS, are available here:

• OPEN Service (2.2)
• EGNOS Data Access Service (2.2)

EGNOS (the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) is the European Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that complements the GPS system to improve the accuracy and provide integrity to the signal over most of Europe.
It is Europe's first venture into satellite navigation and a major stepping-stone towards Galileo, Europe's own global satellite navigation system for the future.
Since January 2014, EGNOS is managed by the European GNSS Agency under a delegation agreement with the European Commission. ESSP SAS is the EGNOS Service Provider, under contract with the GSA.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

The European GNSS Agency, on behalf of the European Commission, has released the new EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service Definition Document (SDD), now available for EGNOS users.

Announced at the EGNOS Service provision workshop event in Warsaw, the SoL SDD issue 3.1 has been updated to reflect the changes in EGNOS system and more importantly to reflect the performance improvements of the current EGNOS release (ESR2.4.1M) in operation. A significant improvement is the extension of APV-I and LPV-200 services towards the south-west of Europe, fully covering mainland Spain and Portugal.

“Users are our priority. This EGNOS coverage extension is in line with our will to continue improving the EGNOS services” declared GSA Executive Director, Carlo des Dorides.

The EGNOS Service Definition Document (SDD) describes the characteristics and conditions of access to the corresponding EGNOS service offered to users. Each SDD also contains updated information about the EGNOS system architecture and a Signal-In-Space (SIS) characteristic, the service performance achieved, EGNOS interfaces with users and provides information on the established technical and organizational framework, at European level, for the provision of this service.

• Safety of Life Service SDD (v3.1)

The first version of each SDD was published by the European Commission when each of the EGNOS Services were declared operational (1st October 2009, 2nd March 2011 and 30th July 2012 respectively for Open Service, Safety-of-Life and EDAS). New SDD versions are periodically published to reflect the significant changes in the EGNOS service.
The current version of the other SDDs, OS and EDAS, are available here:

• OPEN Service (2.2)
• EGNOS Data Access Service (2.2)

EGNOS (the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) is the European Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) that complements the GPS system to improve the accuracy and provide integrity to the signal over most of Europe.
It is Europe's first venture into satellite navigation and a major stepping-stone towards Galileo, Europe's own global satellite navigation system for the future.
Since January 2014, EGNOS is managed by the European GNSS Agency under a delegation agreement with the European Commission. ESSP SAS is the EGNOS Service Provider, under contract with the GSA.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

European GNSS is accelerating progress towards autonomous driving and, as a result, is increasing safety, enhancing traffic flow and ensuring better public mobility.

Autonomous and connected vehicles are positioning themselves as the way of the future. For some years now Google has been testing their driverless car, and in Pittsburgh Uber recently launched its self-driving car service in collaboration with Volvo, the Swedish car maker. 

And this is only the beginning.

Speaking at a dedicated session on European GNSS and smart mobility during last spring’s European Space Solutions conference in The Hague, Florien van Der Windt of the Netherlands’ Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment noted that the self-driving car is no longer a science-fiction fantasy: “The heart of modern-day cars is IT, with vehicles now being mobile sensor hubs,” she said. “Not only will this advancement towards the autonomous vehicle increase safety, enhance traffic flow and provide better public mobility, it will also have a huge impact on the economy.”

A key challenge to the advancement of the autonomous vehicle, however, remains the availability of accurate and reliable GNSS. For example, the current level of guidance and positioning available relies on what one speaker called a “severe simplification of road descriptions” that are not valid for such next-generation uses as lane-level positioning. On this point, the launch of Galileo Initial Services later this year will be a major step towards achieving the necessary level of accuracy and reliability. Galileo will provide a stronger service that is more resistant to multipath interference in urban canyons, along with an authenticated signal capable of detecting spoofing attacks – both absolute musts for the safe operation of autonomous cars.

However, in order to achieve the level of positioning required for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles, a fusion of computer vision and GNSS technologies is required – a fusion that the EU-funded inLane project is currently working on. The project is developing dynamic maps that are updated in real time via cloud crowdsourcing techniques. The system is set to start testing in the Netherlands and Spain in the near future.

Furthermore, WEpod, a completely automated vehicle currently being tested in the Netherlands, is being viewed as a ‘last mile’ mobility solution. The vehicle has no steering wheel and utilises a combination of robust GNSS, digital maps, radars, cameras, laser scanners and ultrasonic scanners. The sub-metre localisation system uses multi-constellation GNSS with network-based real-time kinematics (RTK). Company researchers note that while in the current testing phase an on-board human ‘steward’ is required, the hope is to soon transition to using a control room for vehicle monitoring.

In Italy, the Fiat Research Centre is working on vehicle geolocation for automation. According to a company representative, although technology capable of exchanging the time-critical messages needed for driver assistance is already available in new vehicle models, it falls short of being able to provide full automation. To help fill this technology gap, two GSA-supported projects are working to achieve the required level of reliable positioning needed to enable autonomous driving. The InDrive project is developing a  close-to-market solution that relies heavily on accurate and high-integrity satellite navigation based on European GNSS, while the Escape project’s goal is to design a European GNSS integrated location system that works as an ‘engine’ for multiple safety-critical applications. This work is being done in collaboration with automaker Renault.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

European GNSS is accelerating progress towards autonomous driving and, as a result, is increasing safety, enhancing traffic flow and ensuring better public mobility.

Autonomous and connected vehicles are positioning themselves as the way of the future. For some years now Google has been testing their driverless car, and in Pittsburgh Uber recently launched its self-driving car service in collaboration with Volvo, the Swedish car maker. 

And this is only the beginning.

Speaking at a dedicated session on European GNSS and smart mobility during last spring’s European Space Solutions conference in The Hague, Florien van Der Windt of the Netherlands’ Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment noted that the self-driving car is no longer a science-fiction fantasy: “The heart of modern-day cars is IT, with vehicles now being mobile sensor hubs,” she said. “Not only will this advancement towards the autonomous vehicle increase safety, enhance traffic flow and provide better public mobility, it will also have a huge impact on the economy.”

A key challenge to the advancement of the autonomous vehicle, however, remains the availability of accurate and reliable GNSS. For example, the current level of guidance and positioning available relies on what one speaker called a “severe simplification of road descriptions” that are not valid for such next-generation uses as lane-level positioning. On this point, the launch of Galileo Initial Services later this year will be a major step towards achieving the necessary level of accuracy and reliability. Galileo will provide a stronger service that is more resistant to multipath interference in urban canyons, along with an authenticated signal capable of detecting spoofing attacks – both absolute musts for the safe operation of autonomous cars.

However, in order to achieve the level of positioning required for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles, a fusion of computer vision and GNSS technologies is required – a fusion that the EU-funded inLane project is currently working on. The project is developing dynamic maps that are updated in real time via cloud crowdsourcing techniques. The system is set to start testing in the Netherlands and Spain in the near future.

Furthermore, WEpod, a completely automated vehicle currently being tested in the Netherlands, is being viewed as a ‘last mile’ mobility solution. The vehicle has no steering wheel and utilises a combination of robust GNSS, digital maps, radars, cameras, laser scanners and ultrasonic scanners. The sub-metre localisation system uses multi-constellation GNSS with network-based real-time kinematics (RTK). Company researchers note that while in the current testing phase an on-board human ‘steward’ is required, the hope is to soon transition to using a control room for vehicle monitoring.

In Italy, the Fiat Research Centre is working on vehicle geolocation for automation. According to a company representative, although technology capable of exchanging the time-critical messages needed for driver assistance is already available in new vehicle models, it falls short of being able to provide full automation. To help fill this technology gap, two GSA-supported projects are working to achieve the required level of reliable positioning needed to enable autonomous driving. The InDrive project is developing a  close-to-market solution that relies heavily on accurate and high-integrity satellite navigation based on European GNSS, while the Escape project’s goal is to design a European GNSS integrated location system that works as an ‘engine’ for multiple safety-critical applications. This work is being done in collaboration with automaker Renault.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

European GNSS is accelerating progress towards autonomous driving and, as a result, is increasing safety, enhancing traffic flow and ensuring better public mobility.

Autonomous and connected vehicles are positioning themselves as the way of the future. For some years now Google has been testing their driverless car, and in Pittsburgh Uber recently launched its self-driving car service in collaboration with Volvo, the Swedish car maker. 

And this is only the beginning.

Speaking at a dedicated session on European GNSS and smart mobility during last spring’s European Space Solutions conference in The Hague, Florien van Der Windt of the Netherlands’ Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment noted that the self-driving car is no longer a science-fiction fantasy: “The heart of modern-day cars is IT, with vehicles now being mobile sensor hubs,” she said. “Not only will this advancement towards the autonomous vehicle increase safety, enhance traffic flow and provide better public mobility, it will also have a huge impact on the economy.”

A key challenge to the advancement of the autonomous vehicle, however, remains the availability of accurate and reliable GNSS. For example, the current level of guidance and positioning available relies on what one speaker called a “severe simplification of road descriptions” that are not valid for such next-generation uses as lane-level positioning. On this point, the launch of Galileo Initial Services later this year will be a major step towards achieving the necessary level of accuracy and reliability. Galileo will provide a stronger service that is more resistant to multipath interference in urban canyons, along with an authenticated signal capable of detecting spoofing attacks – both absolute musts for the safe operation of autonomous cars.

However, in order to achieve the level of positioning required for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles, a fusion of computer vision and GNSS technologies is required – a fusion that the EU-funded inLane project is currently working on. The project is developing dynamic maps that are updated in real time via cloud crowdsourcing techniques. The system is set to start testing in the Netherlands and Spain in the near future.

Furthermore, WEpod, a completely automated vehicle currently being tested in the Netherlands, is being viewed as a ‘last mile’ mobility solution. The vehicle has no steering wheel and utilises a combination of robust GNSS, digital maps, radars, cameras, laser scanners and ultrasonic scanners. The sub-metre localisation system uses multi-constellation GNSS with network-based real-time kinematics (RTK). Company researchers note that while in the current testing phase an on-board human ‘steward’ is required, the hope is to soon transition to using a control room for vehicle monitoring.

In Italy, the Fiat Research Centre is working on vehicle geolocation for automation. According to a company representative, although technology capable of exchanging the time-critical messages needed for driver assistance is already available in new vehicle models, it falls short of being able to provide full automation. To help fill this technology gap, two GSA-supported projects are working to achieve the required level of reliable positioning needed to enable autonomous driving. The InDrive project is developing a  close-to-market solution that relies heavily on accurate and high-integrity satellite navigation based on European GNSS, while the Escape project’s goal is to design a European GNSS integrated location system that works as an ‘engine’ for multiple safety-critical applications. This work is being done in collaboration with automaker Renault.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).

European GNSS is accelerating progress towards autonomous driving and, as a result, is increasing safety, enhancing traffic flow and ensuring better public mobility.

Autonomous and connected vehicles are positioning themselves as the way of the future. For some years now Google has been testing their driverless car, and in Pittsburgh Uber recently launched its self-driving car service in collaboration with Volvo, the Swedish car maker. 

And this is only the beginning.

Speaking at a dedicated session on European GNSS and smart mobility during last spring’s European Space Solutions conference in The Hague, Florien van Der Windt of the Netherlands’ Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment noted that the self-driving car is no longer a science-fiction fantasy: “The heart of modern-day cars is IT, with vehicles now being mobile sensor hubs,” she said. “Not only will this advancement towards the autonomous vehicle increase safety, enhance traffic flow and provide better public mobility, it will also have a huge impact on the economy.”

A key challenge to the advancement of the autonomous vehicle, however, remains the availability of accurate and reliable GNSS. For example, the current level of guidance and positioning available relies on what one speaker called a “severe simplification of road descriptions” that are not valid for such next-generation uses as lane-level positioning. On this point, the launch of Galileo Initial Services later this year will be a major step towards achieving the necessary level of accuracy and reliability. Galileo will provide a stronger service that is more resistant to multipath interference in urban canyons, along with an authenticated signal capable of detecting spoofing attacks – both absolute musts for the safe operation of autonomous cars.

However, in order to achieve the level of positioning required for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles, a fusion of computer vision and GNSS technologies is required – a fusion that the EU-funded inLane project is currently working on. The project is developing dynamic maps that are updated in real time via cloud crowdsourcing techniques. The system is set to start testing in the Netherlands and Spain in the near future.

Furthermore, WEpod, a completely automated vehicle currently being tested in the Netherlands, is being viewed as a ‘last mile’ mobility solution. The vehicle has no steering wheel and utilises a combination of robust GNSS, digital maps, radars, cameras, laser scanners and ultrasonic scanners. The sub-metre localisation system uses multi-constellation GNSS with network-based real-time kinematics (RTK). Company researchers note that while in the current testing phase an on-board human ‘steward’ is required, the hope is to soon transition to using a control room for vehicle monitoring.

In Italy, the Fiat Research Centre is working on vehicle geolocation for automation. According to a company representative, although technology capable of exchanging the time-critical messages needed for driver assistance is already available in new vehicle models, it falls short of being able to provide full automation. To help fill this technology gap, two GSA-supported projects are working to achieve the required level of reliable positioning needed to enable autonomous driving. The InDrive project is developing a  close-to-market solution that relies heavily on accurate and high-integrity satellite navigation based on European GNSS, while the Escape project’s goal is to design a European GNSS integrated location system that works as an ‘engine’ for multiple safety-critical applications. This work is being done in collaboration with automaker Renault.

Media note: This feature can be republished without charge provided the European GNSS Agency (GSA) is acknowledged as the source at the top or the bottom of the story. You must request permission before you use any of the photographs on the site. If you republish, we would be grateful if you could link back to the GSA website (http://www.gsa.europa.eu).